A newborn baby lying in an incubator, surrounded by medical equipment, with worried parents standing nearby. The baby looks fragile and small, and the scene is set in a sterile hospital environment. Soft lighting highlights the baby while casting soft shadows on the parents.
In a recent study, researchers have found that children born moderately or late preterm face significantly higher risks of neurodevelopmental impairments. These include cognitive, motor, and sensory issues that persist into childhood and beyond. Even small changes in birth timing can have profound effects on development.
Cognitive and Motor Delays More Common in Preterm Children
The researchers noted that preterm infants show higher rates of cognitive delays compared to those born full term. “We observed a 1.73 times higher risk of neurodevelopmental impairment in children born moderately preterm,” says Dr. Ayoub Mitha, one of the lead researchers. This increased risk was seen across several types of impairments, including motor and sensory delays.
These findings stress the importance of early screening and intervention for children born preterm. “Early intervention can help mitigate some of the long-term effects,” adds Dr. Neda Razaz. Such care is crucial for improving outcomes in this vulnerable group.
Sensory Impairments More Prevalent Among Preterm Children
The study also highlighted higher risks for sensory impairments. Children born moderately preterm were 1.30 times more likely to experience visual or hearing impairments. According to Dr. Olof Stephansson, “The earlier the gestational age at birth, the greater the risk for sensory deficits, with visual and hearing impairments being among the most common.”
Long-term Health Implications for Preterm Infants
One key takeaway from this study is the long-term nature of the risks associated with preterm birth. “We’re not just looking at impairments that resolve quickly. Many of these issues persist well into childhood, impacting the child’s quality of life,” notes Dr. Stefan Johansson. The need for ongoing support for children born preterm is evident, as many may require special education or rehabilitation services.
This large cohort study, conducted in Sweden, brings attention to the need for healthcare systems to adapt to the growing population of preterm infants and their complex needs.
Citation:
Mitha A, Chen R, Razaz N, Johansson S, Stephansson O, Altman M, Bolk J. Neurological development in children born moderately or late preterm: national cohort study. BMJ. 2024;384.
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